The development of the LASIK Excimer Laser is the key element that has made laser eye surgery possible. Created by a major technology company, Excimer Lasers, derived from the terms excited and dimmers, use reactive gases, such as chlorine and fluorine, mixed with inert gases such as argon, krypton or xenon, commonly referred to as “premix”. When these gases are electrically stimulated, a pseudo molecule is produced that, when lased, produces light in the ultraviolet range.

The LASIK Excimer Laser is a cool laser, which means that it does not heat up the surrounding air or surfaces. Instead, a very tightly-focused beam of ultraviolet light is emitted. The ultraviolet light is absorbed by the upper layer of the surface that it contacts. The sheer amount of ultraviolet light is too much for the cornea of the eye to absorb, resulting in the breakdown of the molecular bonds of the material, thus reshaping the surface of the cornea.

The ultraviolet beam of light created by the Excimer Laser only penetrates less than a nanometer into the surface of the cornea. The heat created from the energy released by the laser is dissipated along with this microscopic layer of the cornea, causing a process known as photoablation.

The setup and operation of the Excimer laser is a complicated and delicate process. A trained engineer should always be used when setting up a Laser. Additionally, only a certified Ophthalmologist should operate the machine when performing the surgery.

There are several current LASIK Excimer Lasers approved by the FDA that include the Alcon Allegretto Wave Eye-Q, Alcon Wavelight EX500, Nidek EC-5000, Nidek EC-5000 CXIII, Bausch & Lomb (B&L) Technolas 217z, and the AMO VISX Excimer Laser.

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